Saturday, June 5, 2021

application challenging affidavit - references

 

IN THE COURT OF LD. METROPOLITAN MAGISTRATE

 13th COURT, DADAR, MUMBAI

 

C. C. NO.            /SS/05

 

KSL & INDUSTRIES LTD.                                 COMPLAINANT

 

                   V/S.

 

SNOW WHITE INTRA LTD. & ORS.                   ACCUSED

 

APPLICATION ON BEHALF OF THE ACCUSED UNDER RULE 5 OF CHAPTER VII OF CRIMINAL MANAUL HIGH COURT

 

MAY IT PLEASE YOUR WORSHIP:

 

On behalf of the Accused above named, it is most respectfully submitted as follows:-

 

1)           The Accused above named along with others is charged for an alleged offence u/s. 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act.  The alleged offence is non-cognizable, bailable and summary triable in nature.

 

2)           It is submitted that the particulars of charge were explained to the Accused and their plea of not guilty was recorded.  The aforesaid case was thereafter adjourned for recording the evidence of the Complainant.

 

3)           It is submitted that the Complainant thereafter laid the evidence of Mr. Dhananjay Kumar Verma (P.W.No.1) in the form of affidavit as and by way of his examination-in-chief u/s. 145 (1) of Negotiable Instruments Act. The Applicant states that the Advocate for the Accused commenced the cross-examination of the said Mr. Dhananjay Kumar Verma.  It is submitted that since the P.W.No.1 was not in a position to answer various questions put to him in cross-examination with accuracy and precision, the evidence of the P.W.No.1 could not be completed inspite of earnest efforts made by the Advocate for the Accused and the cross-examination of the P.W.No.1 had to be adjourned from time to time on account unpreparedness of the said witness.

 

4)           It is submitted that the Board of Directors of the Complainant in their meeting held on 12.07.2007 appears to have passed a resolution for authorizing Mr. Nigam Kumar and Ms. Sandhya L. Nalawade, legal representatives of the complainant for representing the Respondents in the aforesaid cases.  It is submitted that inspite of the said resolution having been passed by the Directors of the complainant in their meeting held on 12.07.2007, the complainant or its Advocate never placed the same before the Ld. Magistrate or conveyed the said fact to the Ld. Magistrate till 14.12.2007.  It is submitted that on 14.12.2007 the Advocate for the complainant presented an application accompanied by the copy of extract of resolution dated 12.07.2007 passed by the complainant and prayed for substituting Mr. Nigam Kumar in place of P.W.No.1 in the above case.  It is submitted that after perusing application and reply of the Accused and after hearing the submissions of both the parties on the said application, this was pleased to allow the application for substitution filed by the complainant. 

 

5)           It is submitted that the Complainant thereafter laid the evidence of Mr. Nigam Kumar in the form of affidavit as and by way of his examination-in-chief u/s. 145 (1) of Negotiable Instruments Act along with certain documents.

 

6)           It is submitted that the said Mr.Nigam Kumar in his affidavit filed in the above case has never claimed to be in the employment or service of the complaint at the relevant time when the alleged transaction took place.  The said Mr.Nigam Kumar, was not in the employment or service of the Complainant prior to 2007.  The said Mr.Nigam Kumar therefore cannot be said to have any personal or first hand knowledge with regard to the facts deposed by him in his affidavit filed in the above case.

 

7)           It is submitted that in para 3 of his affidavit filed in the above case the said Mr.Nigam Kumar has deposed on oath as under:

 

“I say that I am aware about the facts of this case and am able to depose the same before this Court on the basis of my personal knowledge and/or the documents available with the Complainant”

 

8)           It is submitted that in the verification clause of the said Mr.Nigam Kumar set out at the foot of his aforesaid affidavit evidence, the said Mr.Nigam Kumar has made declaration as under:

 

“I, Mr. Nigam Kumar the Authorised Representative of the Complainant abovenamed having Office at Krishna House, Raghuvanshi Mills Compound, Lower Parel, Mumbai – 400 013 do hereby solemnly affirm and state that whatever stated hereinabove is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and I believe the same to be true”.

 

9)           It is submitted that the Hon’ble Bombay High Court vide its Criminal Manual of 1980 has made specific provision governing the filing of affidavits in the Courts of Law, in Chapter VII of the said Manual.  It is submitted that as per Rule 5 (1) of the said Chapter VII of Criminal Manual framed by the Hon’ble Bombay High Court, every affidavit is required to satisfy as to what portion of the statement is made on the declarant’s knowledge and what portion of the statement is made on his information or belief.  The sub rule (2) of Rule 5 of the said Chapter VII further provides that when a particular portion is not within the declarant’s own knowledge but it is stated from information obtained from others, the declarant must use the expression “I am informed” and if it is made on belief should add “I verily believe it to be true”.  As per the aforesaid sub rule the declarant further required to state the source or ground of information or belief and giving name and address of, and sufficiently described for the purpose of identification, the person or persons from whom he had received such information.

 

10)        It is further submitted that sub rule 3 of rule 5 of the said Chapter VII further provides that when the statement of the declarant rests on facts disclosed in documents or copies of documents procured from any Court or other person, the declarant shall state the source from which they were procured and his information, or belief, as to the truth of the facts disclosed in such documents.

 

11)        It is submitted that the provision of rule 5 of Chapter VII of the Criminal Manual framed by the Hon’ble Bombay High are reproduced in verbatim for quick reference of this Hon’ble Court.

 

 

5.  (1)      Every affidavit should clearly specify what portion of the statement is made on the declarant’s knowledge and what portion of the statement is made on his information or belief.

 

(2)          When a particular portion is not within the declarant’s own knowledge but it is stated from information obtained from others, the declarant must use the expression “I am informed” and if it is made on belief should add “I verily believe it to be true”.  He must also state the source or ground of the information or belief, and give the name and address of, and sufficiently described for the purpose of identification, the person or persons from whom he had received such information.

 

(3)          When the statement rests on facts disclosed in documents or copies of documents procured from any Court or other person, the declarant shall state the source from which they were procured and his information, or belief, as to the truth of the facts disclosed in such documents.

 

12)        It is submitted that the said Mr.Nigam Kumar has not filed his affidavit in the above case in accordance with the provision appearing in Chapter VII of the Criminal Manual of Bombay High Court.  Further, the said Mr.Nigam Kumar has not disclosed his full name, father’s name, surname, profession and place of residence in his affidavit filed on behalf of the Complainant in the above case.  It is submitted that in the absence of aforesaid details, which are required to be deposed mandatory as per rule 3 of Chapter VII of the Criminal Manual, it will be impossible for this Hon’ble Court to initiate any action for the offence of perjury or any other offence committed in the administration of justice by the said Mr.Nigam Kumar since the said witness can successfully evade the service of process upon him by suppressing this details.  It is submitted that in the case of Savithramma Versus Cecil Noronha, reported in 1988 (Supp.1) SCC 655 : 1988 AIR(SC) 1987, the Hon’ble Supreme Court has held that “Affidavit is a mode of placing evidence before the Court. A party may prove a fact or facts by means of affidavit before this Court but such affidavit should be in accordance with Order XI, Rules 5 and 13 of the Supreme Court Rules. The purpose underlying Rules 5 and 13 of Order XI of the Supreme Court Rules is to enable the Court to find out as to whether it would be safe to act on such evidence and to enable the court to know as to what facts are based in the affidavit on the basis of personal knowledge, information and belief as this is relevant for the purpose of appreciating the evidence placed before the Court, in the form of affidavit. The importance of verification has to be judged by the purpose for which it is required. It is only on the basis of verification, it is possible to decide the genuineness and authenticity of the allegations and the deponent can be held responsible for the allegations made in the affidavit. In this Court evidence in support of the statements contained in writ petitions, special leave petitions, applications and other miscellaneous matters, is accepted in the form of affidavit filed by the parties concerned. It is therefore necessary that the party stating facts must disclose as to what facts are true to his personal knowledge, information or belief. If the statement, of facts is based on information the source of information must be disclosed in the affidavit An affidavit which does not comply with the provisions of Order XI of the Supreme Court Rules, has no probative value and it is liable to be rejected”. It is further submitted that in the aforesaid judgment the Hon’ble Supreme Court further observed and reiterated that     “We are constrained to observe that of late affidavits are being filed in this Court in a slipshod manner without having any regard to the Rules. Affidavits are being filed by persons who could have no personal knowledge about the facts stated in the affidavit. Deponents of affidavits pay no attention to verification, although this court laid stress on this aspect as early as 1952. In State of Bombay v. Purushottam Jog Naik, 1952 SCR 674 : (AIR 1952 SC 317), a Constitution Bench considering the importance of verification of an affidavit observed (at p. 319 of AIR)” : In view of the principles laid down in the said judgment the Affidavit filed by the said Nigam Kumar, as and by way of his examination in chief is defective and liable to be rejected.

 

13)        It is submitted that similarly in the case of  Sukhvinder pal Bipan Kumar Versus State of Punjab reported in 1982 AIR(SC) 65 : 1981 (3) Scale 1795,   it has been held that “ In the case of M/s. Sukhwinder Pal Bipan Kumar in support of the petition, there is an affidavit of one Raj Kumar, claiming to be a partner, who asserts that the allegations in paras 9 and 12 are 'correct to the best of my knowledge'. To say the least, this is no affidavit at all. Under Order XIX, Rule 3, of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, it was incumbent upon the deponent to disclose the nature and source of his knowledge with sufficient particularity. The allegations in the petition are, therefore, not supported by an affidavit as required by law”. It is submitted that the contents of the Affidavit which are merely declared on oath as “ correct to the best of deponent’s knowledge”, without disclosing the source of knowledge  is held to be no Affidavit in the eyes of Law.

 

It is further submitted that the Constitutional Bench of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in the case of State of Bombay Versus Purushottam Jog Naik, reported in        A. I. R. 1952 S.C. page 317  has sounded a not of caution and held that “We point this out as slipshod verifications of this type might well in a given case lead to a rejection of the affidavit. Verifications should invariably be modeled on the lines of Order XIX, rule 3, of the Civil Procedure Code, whether the Code applies in terms or not. And when the matter deposed to is not based on personal knowledge the sources of information should be clearly disclosed.” It is submitted that since the said Nigam Kumar has also filed his Affidavit in a slip shod manner, without complying with the provisions of Rule 5 of Chapter VII of Criminal Manual framed by the Hon’ble High Court, the same is liable to be rejected. The Accused are entitled to know the portion or portions of the Affidavit of the said Nigam Kumar, which are within his  personal knowledge and the portion or portions of the said information, which are based on the information and belief. The Accused are further entitled to know the source or ground of the information or belief, including the name and address of, and description of the persons, for the purpose of identification, from whom the said Nigam kumar claims to have   received such information.

 

 

14)        It is submitted that before the commencement of cross-examination of the said Mr.Nigam Kumar with regard to the statements made by him in his aforesaid affidavit, the Accused is desirous to know and understand the averments/statements made in the affidavit of the said Mr.Nigam Kumar, which are in his personal knowledge.  It is submitted that since the said Mr.Nigam Kumar has not specified and or described the particular portion or portions of his affidavit in his personal knowledge, the Accused is bound to suffer grave prejudice and serious miscarriage of justice in conducting the cross-examination of the said witness.  It is submitted that the said Mr.Nigam Kumar cannot be allowed or permitted to suppress from this Hon’ble Court the statements and or averments of his affidavit which are not within his personal knowledge.  It is further submitted that much of the cross-examination of the said Mr.Nigam Kumar could be curtailed and or restricted if the said Mr.Nigam Kumar is ordered by this Hon’ble Court to specify the portion or portions of his affidavit filed in the above case which are not within his personal knowledge.

 

 

Under the circumstances, the Accused most respectfully pray that this Hon’ble Court be pleased to direct Mr.Nigam Kumar to comply with the provisions of Chapter VII of Criminal Manual of Bombay High Court in respect to his affidavit filed in the above case before commencing the cross-examination of the said witness.

 

 

 

Dated the 30th day of

December 2008                                    JAYESH J. KANANI

Mumbai                                      ADVOCATE FOR THE ACCUSED

 

 

 

 

 

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