Thursday, July 7, 2022

Index in Written Notes of Argument

 

District : South 24 Parganas

In the Court of the Learned Commercial Court,

Alipore,

South 24 Parganas.

 

I.A. no.     01    of 2022

Misc. Case ( Arbitration )  no. 24 of 2022

                                                In the matter of :

Sri Aniruddha Guha Roy,                                                        ______Applicant

-      Versus –

Aditya Birla Finance Limited, and Others             ________Respondents

Index

Sl. No.

Description of Documents

Annexure

Page No.

1.

Written notes of Argument

-

 

2.

Order dated 22-02-2022

“A”

 

3.

Order dated 17-03-2022

“B”

 

4.

Order dated 22-04-2022

“C”

 

5.

AP 399 of 2020 { Bowlopedia Restaurants India Limited – Versus – Devyani International Limited } by the Hon’ble Justice Debangsu Basak, High Court Calcutta, Order dated January 21, 2021

“D”

 

6.

2017 Volume 7 Supreme Court Cases 678 (Indus Mobile Distribution Private Limited v. Datawind Innovations Private Limited)

“E”

 

7.

2020 Volume 5 Supreme Court Cases 399 (Mankastu Impex Private Limited v. Airvisual Limited)

“F”

 

8.

2020 Volume 5 Supreme Court Cases 462 (Brahmani River Pellets Limited v. Kamachi Industries Limited)

“G”

 

9.

HDFC Bank Limited Versus Satpal Singh Bakshi 2012 SCC Online Del 4815

“H”

 

10.

M.D. Frozen Foods Exports Pvt. Limited and Ors. Versus Hero Fincorp Limited AIR 2017 SC 4481

“I”

 

11.

D.M. Corporation Pvt. Limited Versus The State of Maharashtra and Ors. (2018(4) MHLJ 457)

“J”

 

 

Advocate – On – Record :

Ashok Kumar Singh, Advocate

High Court Bar Association Room No. 15,

High Court at Calcutta

Mobile No. 9883070666 / 9836829666

Email : aksinghadvocate@rediffmail.com

Judicial precedents in commercial court

 

 

Judicial precedents

 

To be placed in Misc. Case ( Arbitration ) no. 24 of 2022 { Aniruddha Guha Roy – Versus – Aditya Birla Finance Limited }, before the Learned Commercial Court, Alipore, South 24 Parganas.

 

AP 399 of 2020 { Bowlopedia Restaurants India Limited – Versus – Devyani International Limited } by the Hon’ble Justice Debangsu Basak, High Court Calcutta, Order dated January 21, 2021

 

2017 Volume 7 Supreme Court Cases 678 (Indus Mobile Distribution Private Limited v. Datawind Innovations Private Limited)

 

2020 Volume 5 Supreme Court Cases 399 (Mankastu Impex Private Limited v. Airvisual Limited)

 

2020 Volume 5 Supreme Court Cases 462 (Brahmani River Pellets Limited v. Kamachi Industries Limited)

 

HDFC Bank Limited Versus Satpal Singh Bakshi 2012 SCC Online Del 4815

 

M.D. Frozen Foods Exports Pvt. Limited and Ors. Versus Hero Fincorp Limited AIR 2017 SC 4481

 

D.M. Corporation Pvt. Limited Versus The State of Maharashtra and Ors. (2018(4) MHLJ 457);

 

Jurisdiction Of Commercial Courts

 

 Jurisdiction Of Commercial Courts

The Commercial Courts Act, 2015 was introduced by the government to reduce the pendency of the Commercial Disputes which earlier were dealt with under the category of regular suits. This step taken by the government has well enabled both domestic and foreign investors to gain trust in the Indian markets.

The Commercial Courts Act, 2015 came into force on 23rd October 2015, section 2(b) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 says that the Commercial Court is what is defined under section 3(1) of the said act.

According to this section, the government may constitute commercial courts at the District level by notification after consultation with the High Court, Commercial Disputes having a specific value of fewer than 3 lakhs and not more than 1 crore come under the jurisdiction of district courts.

Commercial Disputes are defined under section 2(c) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015.

  1. In the routine transactions of merchants, bankers, financiers, and traders, there is a debate over the enforcement and interpretation of papers.
  2. Export and import of goods and services.
  3. Admiralty and marine law issues.
  4. Transactions involving aircraft, aircraft engines, aircraft equipment, and helicopters, such as sales, leasing, and financing.
  5. Carriage of goods is a term that refers to the transportation of things.
  6. Tenders and contracts connected to building and infrastructure.
  7. Agreements for the use of immovable property in trade.
  8. Agreements for franchising.
  9. Agreements regarding distribution and licensing.
  10. Agreements for management and consulting.
  11. Agreements forming a joint venture.
  12. Agreements between shareholders.
  13. Agreements relating to subscriptions and investments in the services business, such as outsourcing and financial services.
  14. Mercantile agency and mercantile use are two terms that are used interchangeably.
  15. Partnership Agreements.
  16. Agreements on technological advancements
  17. Trademarks, copyright, patents, domain names, geographical indications, and semiconductor integrated circuits are all examples of intellectual property rights.
  18. Contracts for the sale of products or the rendering of services.
  19. The exploitation of natural resources such as oil and gas deposits, as well as the electromagnetic spectrum.
  20. Insurance and reinsurance are two types of insurance.
  21. Any of the following can be covered by an agency contract.
  22. Other business conflicts that the Central Government has been made aware of.

Types of Commercial Disputes:

  1. Disputes arise between two businesses because of a breach of the contractual relationship or any other contract-related issue which does not fit with the existing contract and leads to disagreement between the parties.
  2. Customers whose expectations do not match with the product quality or services provided by the company or matters related to unfair trade practices are covered under this type.
  3. Matters which give rise to IPR infringements between two businesses or issues regarding the land dispute in which the said land is used for commercial purposes are also covered under commercial disputes.

 Jurisdiction of The Commercial Courts:

The Commercial Courts' Jurisdiction is covered in Section 6. All cases and petitions of commercial disputes arising out of the full territory of the State over which it has been conferred territorial jurisdiction are resolved by the Commercial courts. The requirements of Sections 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1908 apply to business disputes.

Jurisdiction of Commercial Division of High Courts is defined under section 7 of The Commercial Courts Act, 2015.

Jurisdiction of the Commercial Court is discussed in detail in the case of Daimler Financial Services India Pvt. Limited Vs. Vikash Kumar and Ors. 2020

In this case, the petitioner is a non-banking financial company from which the respondents obtained a loan and later on failed to repay the same. As per the agreement of the parties the matter was referred to the sole arbitrator, judgement was passed but the petitioners were not satisfied with it so they filed a petition at the Commercial Court Dhanbad the presiding officer dismissed the petition and concluded that the pecuniary jurisdiction of the said court is 1 crore and above and there is no such notification from the state government about any amendment.

The petitioner filed a petition at the High Court of Jharkhand in Ranchi under Article 227 of the Constitution of India which says that the High Court has supervisory authority over all courts and tribunals in the territory over which it has jurisdiction.

The said amendment which is being discussed above contains the following:

  • Section 3(1-A) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 as amended by the Amendment Act of 28 of 2018, which became retrospectively effective from 3rd May 2018.

"3. [(1-A) Notwithstanding anything in this Act, the State Government may, by notification, specify such pecuniary value which shall not be less than three lakh rupees or such higher value, for the whole or part of the State, as it may consider necessary, after consultation with the concerned High Court.]"

  • Section 2(1) (i) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 as amended by the said Amendment Act of 28 of 2018 which reads as under:-

"2(1)(i) "Specified Worth" refers to the amount of the subject matter in a suit as determined under section 12 [which must not be less than three lakh rupees] or such higher value as the Central Government may notify regarding a commercial dispute."

Based on the above mentioned amendments the learned counsel for the petitioner submitted that the impugned order passed by the Presiding Officer of the Commercial Court of Dhanbad, should be quashed and set aside.

The Hon'ble High Court found force in the submissions of the Counsel for Petitioner and  held the following:

  • That Section 2(1) (i) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 post Amendment Act 28 of 2018, the specified value given in section 3(1) of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015 to be determined by Section 12 is "not less than 3 lakhs."
  • The order, passed by the presiding officer of the Commercial Court in Dhanbad, dismisses the petition because the Commercial Courts and Dhanbad had no pecuniary jurisdiction and was said to be non-sustainable by the Hon'ble High court of Ranchi.
  • Hence, Hon'ble Court quashed and set aside the order passed by the Presiding officer of The Commercial Court, Dhanbad, and further disposed of the written petition by directing the Commercial Court, Dhanbad, to proceed with the case.
  • The Hon'ble High Court made it very clear that it will make no remarks or express no opinions on the counter-affidavit raised by the respondents in this case and the Commercial Court, Dhanbad is free to pass its independent order without being prejudiced.

Conclusion:

Commercial Courts are courts that deal with commercial issues that arise in the workplace. The Commercial Courts Act 2015 was presented by the government to create a new form of court for business matters at the district level. In 2018, the Commercial Courts Act 2015 Act was amended, bringing with it a slew of improvements aimed at ensuring the smooth operation of commercial courts with a minimum of unresolved cases.

 

Narazi Petition / Protest Petition

 

District : South 24 Parganas.

In the Court of the Learned Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, at Alipore, South 24 Parganas.                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Ref. : Netaji Nagar Police Station Case no. 469 of 2019, dated 25-12-2019.

{ Under Section 341,323,506,509,354, and 114 of the Indian Penal Code’ 1860 }

In the matter of :

State of West Bengal.

_____________Complainant.

Manicklata Khamaru.

_____Defacto Complainant.

-          Versus –

NARAZI PETITION

Rupam Dasgupta, and others.

          ______________Accused.

The humble petition of the above named Defacto Complainant Manicklata Khamaru, most respectfully;

Sheweth as under :

  1. That in the above referred case matter, investigating Agency, submitted its report in Final form. The defacto complainant does not agree with the Final report, since there has been no investigation by the investigating agency, in the alleged offence. The Investigating Officer has submitted final report in cahoot with the alleged accused person. The same has been submitted only through desk work and upon being influenced by the accused person who have strong connection with the ruling political party.

 

  1. Under the Code ‘investigation consists, generally, of the following steps: (1) Proceeding to the spot, (2) Ascertainment of the facts and circumstances of the case, (3) Discovery and arrest of the suspected offender, (4) Collection of evidence relating to the commission of the offence, which may consist of (a) the examination of various persons (including the accused) and the reduction of their statements into writing, if the officer thinks fit, (b) the search of places or seizure of things considered necessary for the ‘investigation’ and to be produced at the trial, and (5) information of the opinion as to whether, on the material collected, there is a case to place the accused before a Magistrate for  trial and if so, taking the necessary steps for the same by the filing of charge-sheet under Section 173, of the code.

 

  1. That one Complaint has been lodged by Manicklata Khamaru, Wife of Late Surya Khamaru, against the accused persons named therein, for their alleged offences committed to be punishable under Section 341, 323, 506, 509, 354, & 114 of the Indian Penal Code’ 1860, with the Netaji Nagar Police Station, which has been registered as FIR no. 469 of 2019, dated 25-12-2019.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant / petitioner states that the said Final Report has never been communicated to the defacto complainant by the I.O. concern in any manner, whatsoever, the defacto complainant came to know about the said Final Report, while she appeared before the Learned Court, on the said occasions. The said final report has been submitted by the I.O., on the said occasions, the defacto complainant placed her one petition praying therein for time to place her NARAZI Petition against such Final Report, and whereas the Learned Court was pleased to allow such prayer of the defacto complainant.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant / petitioner furnished hereunder the facts and true story related to her complaint and or reproduced her contents of the petition of complaint, which has been made before the Learned Court, once again, as the accused persons jointly visited the premises and confined forcibly the defacto and her daughter upon several threats and assaulted and also outraged the modesty of the defacto and her daughter and used most abusive languages with their conscious and intent to insult the defacto and her daughter in pursuance to compelled them to evict the premises as to gran the property influencing their political phenomena.

 

  1. That the defacto Complainant being old aged lady and her daughter were helpless as no male member in their support was in the said house. However, the defacto complainant lodge the facts with the Netaji Nagar Police Station, which consequently registered as an FIR no. 469 of 2019.

 

  1. That the accused persons are influential politically involved persons at the vicinity of the said house where they entered forcibly in their pursuance to grab the property for their wrongful gain. The accused persons repeated their deeds and harassed the said old aged lady and her daughter following their acts of battery & assault following outraged modesty on them.

 

  1. That even after the Netaji Nagar Police Station registered such fact as an FIR did not cause any investigation in the field and by doing the desk work submitted the report in final form before this Learned Court.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant states and submits that a fair investigation would include a complete investigation. A complete investigation would mean an investigation, which looks into all aspects of an accusation, be it in favour of the accused or against him. Article 21, undoubtedly, would mean that every victim of offence has the right to demand a fair trial meaning thereby that him or he has the right to demand the state discharge its constitutional obligation to conduct a fair investigation that the investigation culminates into fair trial.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant states and submits that the alleged accused persons with their political back ground with ruling political party have been successful in influencing the police authority to submit final report although there are sufficient ground of ranshacking the house of the defacto complainant and physical assault inflicted and outraged modesty on Women. Even after the brutality of assault, outraged modesty, and damage caused to the house of the defacto complainant her daughter namely Miss Suchitra Khamaru has been killed.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant states and submits that she is staying and residing lawfully; but the accused persons in association with their men and agents are trying to grab the property of the defacto complainant, the defacto complainant have already lodged complaint with police authority for other subsequent incidents.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant states and submits that the investigating officer was not acting impartially and in-obedience to law is clear from the fact which has been brought up in this application, before the Learned Court.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that It is, therefore, necessary for the Learned Court to determine as the facts brought on record necessitated direction for re-investigation or further investigation.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that the present case is not a simple case of lapses committed by the investigating officer; rather, the accusations are of manipulation of investigation.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that if an investigating officer is not faithful, honest or truthful, while recording the statement of witnesses, and conducting investigation in all aspects, then, such an investigation cannot give rise to a fair Investigation, which culminates to a fair trial.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that the present application, clearly reveal that there are, at least, the contents and story which established mala fide and illegal investigation by the investigating officer.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that these facts are not mere lapses or ignorance in conducting investigation; rather, these facts make out a case of foul play and deliberate manipulation of investigation and suppression of material facts, by the investigating officer.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that since the present case is a clear case of unfair investigation, it could have been rectified by further investigation as well as by re-investigation. When further investigation is possible, re-investigation shall not be directed.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant states and submits that the above admitted facts, as indicated above, clearly made out a clear case of unfair and manipulated investigation, by the investigating officer of this case.

 

  1. That the defacto complainant states and submits that the present I.O. submitted the Final Report in such a manner, so that he can save the accused persons from the punishment for the offences committed to be punishable under Section 341, 323, 506, 509, 354, & 114, of the Indian Penal Code’ 1860.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant state and submits that in the facts and circumstances, petitioner’s seeking re-investigation and or fresh investigation of the above referred case matter, by the Joint Commissioner of Police, ( Crime ) Detective Department, of the Kolkata Police, and or by the Additional Director and Inspector General of Police, C.I.D.,  West Bengal,  in the interest of administration of justice.

 

  1.  That the defacto complainant  state and submits that unless the re-investigation directed by the Learned Court in the above referred case matter, the Petitioner will be highly prejudice to get faire justice and suffer with highly irreparable loss and injury.

 

  1.  That this application is made bonafide in the interest of administration of justice.

In the above mentioned facts and circumstances, it is prays that your Honour would be graciously pleased to as the following order or orders :

 

a)    To allow this application of the defacto complainant, in the interest of fair administration of justice; and or ;

 

b)   to direct the re-investigation of the above referred Case being Netaji Nagar Police Station Case no. 469 of 2019, by the higher rank Police Officer as the Joint Commissioner of Police, ( Crime ) Detective Department, of the Kolkata Police, and or by the Additional Director and Inspector General of Police, C.I.D.,  West Bengal;  and or,

 

c)    to direct the further or fresh investigation of the above referred Case being  Netaji Nagar Police Station case no. 469 of 2019, by the higher rank Police Officer, as the Joint Commissioner of Police, ( Crime ) Detective Department, of the Kolkata Police, and or by the Additional Director and Inspector General of Police, C.I.D.,  West Bengal;

 

d)   and / or to pass such other necessary order or orders or further order or orders as your Honour may deem, fit, and proper, for the end of justice.

 

And for this act of kindness, the Petitioner as in duty bound shall ever pray.

 

Verification.


I, Manicklata Khamaru, Wife of Late Surya Khamaru, aged about _______years, by faith Hindu, by Occupation House Wife, residing at A/1/9, Ramgarh Colony, Post Office - Naktala, Police Station – Netaji Nagar, Kolkata – 700047, District – South 24-Parganas, hereby declare that the particulars furnished above are true to the best of my knowledge. I duly verify this application as on the _________day of _________2022, at the Alipore Criminal Court.



Manicklata Khamaru.

Identified by me,


Advocate.


Prepared in my Chamber,


Advocate.

Dated : 21st day of June’ 2022.

Place : Alipore Criminal Court.

 

 

Affidavit

I, Manicklata Khamaru, Wife of Late Surya Khamaru, aged about _______years, by faith Hindu, by Occupation House Wife, residing at A/1/9, Ramgarh Colony, Post Office - Naktala, Police Station – Netaji Nagar, Kolkata – 700047, District – South 24-Parganas, do hereby declare and says as follows :

1.   That I am the defacto complainant in the present criminal proceeding, before the Learned Court. I am well conversant and acquainted with the material facts stated in the foregoing paragraphs of my protest application.

 

2.   That I am competent to swear this affidavit. The contents and purports has been read over in Bengali Languages to my understanding by my Learned advocate, and therefore on such clear understanding the present application under my instructions has been drafted and prepared by my Learned Advocate.

 

3.   That the paragraph numbers _______to ________, are true to my knowledge and belief and the rests are my humble submissions before the Learned Court.

 

That the above statements are true to my knowledge and belief.

 

 

 

 

DEPONENT

Identified by me,

 

 

Advocate

 

Prepared in my Chamber,

 

 

Advocate

Date : 21st day of June’ 2022

Place : Alipore Police Court.